Molybdenum Electrode Plate And Bars

The appearance of Molybdenum Electrode is of silver gray metallic luster. No off side, off angle, delamination, cracks and other defects, according to user needs can be bent and straightened. According to the chemical composition of the different grades into GMPM, GMHLM, GMHYM three grades.

Molybdenum Electrode has the properties of high temperature high strength, good oxidation resistance, long service life and so on, based on these advantages, it is usually used in household glass, optical glass, insulation materials, glass fiber, rare earth industry and other fields.

The main component of the Molybdenum Electrode is Molybdenum, prepared by a powder metallurgy process. Internationally Molybdenum Electrode ingredients is in 99.95%, higher than the density of 10.15g/cm3, in order to ensure the quality of glass and the life of the electrode. Molybdenum Electrodes commonly used sizes from 20mm to 152.4 mm diameter, single length can reach 1500mm.

Molybdenum Electrodes to replace the existing heavy oil and gas energy, can effectively reduce the pollution of the environment, provide the quality of glass.

Because of high temperature high strength, high temperature oxidation resistance, long life, corrosion resistance and easy to make colored glass and many other properties of Molybdenum Electrode, it can be widely used in household glass, optical glass, insulation materials, glass fiber, rare earth industry and other fields. Molybdenum Electrode diameter is of 10 to 100mm, length is of 150 to 1500 mm.

The texture of Molybdenum Electrode is softer than the Tungsten, the toughness is also better than Tungsten. Tungsten has the unmatched elastic modulus. Molybdenum Electrode has high melting point, good machinability, corrosion resistance, low inflation, ultra-high strength and stiffness at elevated temperatures, excellent thermal performance, scalability, and easy manufacturing and other advantages.

Molybdenum Electrode Plate and Bars should transport moisture anti-collision, stored in ventilated, dry place and no acid atmosphere, prevent oxidation, the storage period should not exceed six months.

Why Should We Use Fire Resistant EPS?

February 9, 2009, the new site campus cultural center in the construction of CCTV occurred particularly serious fire accident. Caused a firefighter died, six firefighters and two construction workers were injured in the rescue process. Building fire, smoke over an area of 21333 square meters, of which burned area 8490 square meters, causing direct economic losses of 163.83 million yuan. This is a liability accident.

The direct cause of the accident was there was someone without the consent of the relevant departments on the construction site within the illegal organization large-scale fireworks setting off activity.

But one of the main indirect reasons is that in the cultural center, the used of a large number of unqualified insulation board curtain wall project.

Usually, the insulation wall are made of polystyrene foamed materials or foamed polyurethane material, but if it is not doing a good flame retardant treatment, the fire and quickly spread to every corner of the building just like a fuse.

Expandable Polystyrene, EPS, which is commonly known as White Foam, is currently the most widely use, high ratio of foam plastics varieties. Expandable Polystyrene EPS is widely used in packaging, building and road area and so on, and can be subdivided into Flame Retardant EPS and Fire Resistant EPS.

EPS need flame retardant processing when used in the construction field, the method is in the synthesis of EPS masterbatch added as flame retardants (usually HBCD). Treatment of flame retardant, flame retardant effect of EPS can be increased from V-2 level to V-1 level or V-0 level, meet the requirements of building fire retardant.

Compared with Flame retardant substandard EPS foam board, Flame Retardant EPS foam is not such expensive, illegal manufacturer in order to save money and benefit, create such a great loss!

Usage and Applications of Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA

Polyvinyl Alcohol ( referred to as PVA) white powder, is a wide range of uses of the water-soluble polymers, performance between the plastic and rubber, its use can be divided into two major fiber and non-fiber applications.

PVA has a unique strength in adhesion, film flexibility, smoothness, oil resistance, solvent resistance, protective colloid property, gas block, and abrasion resistance as well as having a specially treated water resistance. Therefore, in addition to fiber materials for outside, is also used extensively for the production of coatings, adhesives, paper processing agent, emulsifier, dispersant, film and other products. Range of applications throughout the textile, food, medicine, construction, wood processing, paper making, printing, agriculture, steel, polymer and chemical industries.

Performance: Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin products is white solid, good points flocculent, granular, powdery three kinds. It is non-toxic, tasteless, non-polluting, can be dissolved in water 80--90 ℃. Its aqueous solution has good adhesion and film-forming properties; resistance to most organic solvents oils, hydrocarbons, lubricants and the like; polyhydric alcohols with long -chain esterification, etherification, acetalization and other chemical properties.

Usage: Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA is mainly used in the textile industry warp pulp , textile finishing agents, Polyvinyl Alcohol fiber materials. 107 plastic construction and decoration industries, interior and exterior paints, adhesives. In chemical industry as a polymeric emulsifier, dispersant and polyvinyl formal, acetal, butyral resin. In Paper and paper industry as a binder. In Agriculture for soil amendments, pesticides and polyvinyl alcohol film adhesion synergist. Also can be used for cosmetics and induction hardening agent aspects.

The way to test whether this product completely dissolved: Take out a small amount of solution, add 1 ~ 2 drops of iodine solution, if there is a blue granular white body, that has not been completely dissolved, such as color can be evenly spread, has completely dissolved. 

Vanadium Pentoxide Catalyst for Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid

SO3 to SO2 by catalytic (Vanadium Pentoxide) oxidation process was usually not separated it out but directly converted into sulfuric acid. SO3 reacts violently with water, heat to generate H2SO4, but usually no water absorption SO3, because a lot of heat for the evaporation of the water vapor and SO3 formation of acid mist will affect the absorption efficiency, so the use of concentrated sulfuric acid was prepared to absorb SO3 fuming industrial sulfuric acid, diluted sulfuric acid and then can be obtained.

Now the production of sulfuric acid method is contact method, the raw material is still pyrite. The pyrite oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the air, then Vanadium Pentoxide, iron oxide and cuprous oxide as catalyst, the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide react with water to form sulfuric acid. The resulting 98% sulfuric acid, known as concentrated sulfuric acid.

sulfuric most important chemical industry is prepared by the contact method. The main raw material for the fuel

contact method Seoul to sulfur or iron sulfide sulfur dioxide and oxygen in the air, oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide, absorption of the water, any concentration of acid can be obtained. Only then oxidized, there must be some kind of contact with the presence of starting role when; most commonly used in platinum and Vanadium Pentoxide. Spontaneous combustion of sulfur dioxide derived from it may be directly oxidized iron sulfide if spontaneous combustion burner, derived who must first drop of cold, wash them with acid or by filtration method or by the precipitation method to make clean; dust, sulfur vapor, arsenic, phosphorus and other substances were stored in the gas stream must be removed lest they harm and contact agent for impurities lighter than the platinum oxidation alum hazards.

Contact legal sulfuric acid reaction principle: burning sulfur or metal sulfide sulfur dioxide and other raw materials from the system. Sulfur dioxide in the appropriate temperature of the catalyst under the effect of oxidation of sulfur trioxide, sulfur trioxide in the compound with water to form sulfuric acid.

The Properties and Applications of Molybdenum Steel

Properties of Molybdenum and Tungsten are very similar, the boiling point and the conductive performance is outstanding, the linear thermal expansion coefficient is small, easy processing of tungsten. Molybdenum is a kind of chemical element, chemical symbol is Mo, its atomic number is 42, is a kind of gray transition metal. Pure metal molybdenum is silvery white, very hard. Add a small amount of molybdenum to steel, hardened steel. Molybdenum is a very important nutrients to plants, were found in some of the enzyme. And Tungsten is a kind of steel grey or silver white metal, with high hardness and hard melting point. Its atomic number is 74, the atomic weight of it is 183.85. The melting point of it is 3410℃, the boiling point of it is 5900℃, thermal conductivity is 10 to 100 for 174 w/m*k. Slow evaporation at high temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient is very small, the expansion coefficient at 0 to 100 ℃, 4.5 × 10-6 · K-1. The resistance of tungsten is about 3 times larger than the resistance of copper.

lloy steel, stainless steel, tool steel and cast iron is the main field of application of Molybdenum, the Molybdenumproduction determines the demand, the effect of Molybdenum in the steel is as following:

1. To reduce the cooling rate to the appropriate values to obtain a hard martensite, which can improve the strength, hardness and toughness of a large section components.

2. Reduce the temper brittleness.

3. The resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

4. The resistance to sulfide stress cracking.

5. Improve the high strength.

6. To improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, especially the anti chloride pitting.

7. To improve the high strength low alloy steel welding performance.

As steel Molybdenum alloy additives are the most important uses , according to statistics of 1986, which accounts for the total world consumption of 83% of Molybdenum. And where a steel containing Molybdenum World crude steel production has accounted for 1/10. Therefore, Molybdenum steel than is often used as an industrially developed country or one of the signs. 

Types of Silicone Rubber and Basic Features

Silicone Rubber products can run a large amount of electric power system, and this should thanks largely to its excellent water repellency, water repellency and stain-resistant flash capability. Current products on the market, mainly as the following three categories:

Room Temperature Vulacanized Silicone Rubber (RTV Silicone Rubber):

This kind of Silicone Rubber has excellent hydrophobic properties and contamination resistance properties, hardness is low, but because of the RTV, and various aspects of mechanical properties and resistance erosion ability is poor, aging is worse.

Room Temperature Vulacanized Silicone Rubber is with room temperature curing, good mobility, forming process is simple and can operate on the spot.

High Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber (HTV Silicone Rubber):

This kind of Silicone Rubber has the resistance to aging, resistance to tracking and erosion, water repellent, stain proof, fire retardant, ozone resistant, UV resistant, dampness resistant, resistant to high and low temperature and tearing strength of character.

High Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber is with 140 to 180℃ high temperature curing, poor mobility, special shapes or large equipment moulding process complex. Oxidant gas production and retained in the product, and mold corrosion.

Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR):

This kind of Silicone Rubber is with all the advantages of High Temperature Vulcanized Silicone Rubber, it has excellent properties on technological properties of the proof tracking, high and low temperature resistance and hydrophobic properties and so on.

Liquid Silicone Rubber is with 90 to 140℃ curing, good flowability, components directly in the Silicone Rubber of Platinum catalysts, two-component mixed crosslinked, forming process is simple. Particularly suitable for external insulation of large equipment, and no damage to mould.

Molybdenum Dioxide And Molybdenum Trioxide

Molybdenum Dioxide, is a kind of brown-black powder with steel shiny purple. The density of Molybdenum Dioxide is 6.44 g/cm3, we can get Molybdenum when heat the Molybdenum Dioxide  with hydrogen the temperature is above 500℃. And generate Molybdenum Oxychloride reaction with chlorine, and hydrogen chloride, alkaline,acid reaction. And it is very slightly soluble in Sulfuric Acid, Nitric Acid and Silver Nitrate. Oxidation of Molybdenum Dioxide can get Molybdenum Trioxide. Can be made of metal Molybdenum in steam heating, or heating to 470 ℃ MoO3 in hydrogen reduction of. Used in producing Molybdenum and other Molybdenum compounds.

Molybdenum is a silver-white metallic powdered Molybdenum gloss black, the melting point of it is 2610℃, the boiling point of it is 5560℃, the density of it is 10.2g/cm3. Molybdenum is very stable at room temperature in air, when the temperature was raised to 600℃, quickly react with oxygen to produce the more volatile Molybdenum Trioxide. At 500 to 1150 ℃ reduction with hydrogen trioxide or Ammonium Molybdate , Molybdenum can be available. MoO3 molecular weight of 143.94. White transparent rhombic crystals, to yellow when heated, cooled and restore the original color. Density 4.692g/cm3, melting point 795 ℃, boiling point 1155 ℃, easy sublimation. Insoluble in water, can be melted in a solution of ammonia and alkali generated Molybdate. Dissolved in acid, Molybdenum Dioxide generated root (MoO22 +) and Molybdenum Oxide root (MoO4 +) complex cation to form a soluble complex with the acid group. Oxidizing very weak at high temperature may be hydrogen, carbon, aluminum reduction. Reagents for the analysis, Molybdenum and Molybdenum alloy salt preparation. Ignition or Molybdenum or Molybdenum Disulfide to obtain calcined in air Molybdate.

While the Molybdenum Dioxide is different from Molybdenum Trioxide, it has two oxygen atoms, Molybdenum Dioxide, brown black powder, with steel shiny purple. Oxidation of it is very weak, at high temperature can be hydrogen, carbon, aluminum reduction. Used as an analytical reagent, preparation of Molybdenum and Molybdenum salt. Burning Molybdenum or Molybdenum Disulfide in air or roasting Molybdenum prepared.

Polyvinyl Alchol PVA 1788 and PVA 1799

Architectural coatings commonly use Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA 1788 and PVA 1799. Polyvinyl Alcohol is derived from the hydrolysis of Polyvinyl Acetate, and can not derived by the polymerization of Vinyl Alcohol. Because Vinyl Alcohol is very unstable, there can be no free Vinyl Alcohol Monomer. The formula of Polyvinyl Alcohol is (CH2CH)OH, wherein the degree of hydrolysis and degree of polymerization has a great influence on the physical properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol. The polymerization degree of the Polyvinyl Alcohol can be divided into a high polymerization degree, medium polymerization degree and low degree of oligomerization, and recently, the development of an ultra-high degree of polymerization products.

There are three typically kinds of alcoholysis, namely, 78 %, 88 % and 98 %. The complete alcoholysis of Polyvinyl Alcohol is 98 % to 100 %, partial alcoholysis of alcoholysis typically is 87 % to 89 %. For convenience, we often fetching thousands of polymerization degree, rounded at the front, percentages in the back alcoholysis. Therefore, PVA 1788 means that polymerization is 1700, with diethylene glycol 88 %, PVA 1799 means that polymerization is 1700, with diethylene glycol 99 %.

PVA 1788 is with good water solubility, whether in cold water, was quickly dissolved in hot water, but PVA 1799 only dissolves in hot water at 95 ℃ or above. Due to Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA to neutral, at the time of dissolution does not need special corrosion requirements, but it’s best to use stainless steel or enamel reaction kettle, because these materials will not rust and contamination of the solution.

PolyvinylAlcohol PVA 1788 and PVA 1799 can be used for emulsion polymerization of Vinyl Acetate emulsion stabilizer. Polyvinyl Alcohol can be used in the manufacturing of water-soluble adhesives, and can be used as modification of starch adhesive agents. And also can be used to preparation of photosensitive adhesive and benzene class solvent resistant sealant. Polyvinyl Alcohol also can be used as release agents, dispersants and so on.

What is Sodium Ascorbate?

Sodium Ascorbate is a kind of white to yellowish white crystalline powder or granules, odorless, slightly salty flavor. The decomposition temperature of it is of 218 ℃, in the dry conditions are more stable, light color burn, after moisture absorption and slow oxidation and decomposition in aqueous solution. Sodium Ascorbate can be much easier to be soluble in water than Ascorbic Acid, 10 % aqueous solution PH is about 7.5.

First aid measures:

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. If the victim is conscious, instead of convulsions, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemicals, and to make a hospital or poison control center immediately.

Breath in: Leave the contaminated area immediately and take deep breath of fresh air. If the symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or in the mouth, throat, or chest burning), call the doctor, and was prepared to transport victims to hospitals.

Skin: It can cause skin irritation. Symptoms may include redness and burning of the skin and other skin damage. Gently and thoroughly wash all affected skin areas with soap and water. If you develop symptoms such as redness or irritation, immediately call a doctor, and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

Eyes: First check the victim of contact lenses, if present removed. While calling a hospital or poison control center for 20 to 30 minutes of water or saline solution flush eyes of the victims. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim 's eyes, the doctor did not specify. If symptoms ( such as redness or irritation ) development, please transported the victim to a hospital immediately.

The stability of Sodium Ascorbate:

Aqueous solution is unstable, and the air is greater than pH 6.0 by the relative stability when exposed to rapid oxidation of Ascorbic Acid gradually darken light it is exposed to light in the air is gradually dimmed, but not damage, slight coloration therapeutic activity Ascorbic acid injection. Solution of Ascorbic Acid is rapidly oxidized in the air, the drug in an alkaline medium should be protected, air and light. Ascorbic Acid at concentrations greater than 100 mg/ml may undergo decomposition and the production of carbon dioxide. Due to the increased pressure may develop after prolonged storage, carefully open the ampoule containing Ascorbic Acid injection.

The application of Vanadate

Vanadate is a general term for the pentavalent Vanadium oxy acid salts. It is similar to the situation of phosphate. Vanadate from solution crystallization, Vanadate ions sometimes has a structure similar to the solution, sometimes also have some changes, such as partial Vanadate VO in solution to form V3O ion triangle. In the anhydrous potassium Vanadate is formed by VO4 tetrahedra is an infinite chain structure unit. When there are other ions in solution, such as oxygen radical containing silicon, phosphorus, arsenic, tin, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium ion VO can also become the corresponding heteropoly acid and their condensation. As with the Vanadium Pentoxide, vanadium acid salt can also be used as catalyst for oxidation reaction. Dissolved Vanadium Pentoxide in the concentrated solution of Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Vanadate solution can be obtained which is colorless, Vanadium in Vanadate VO from. In aqueous solution,with the increase of the acidity of the solution, Vanadate in different degree of condensation and the formation of multi anion different.

Vanadate can be used as a chemical reagent and catalysts, mordant as well as manufacture of Vanadium Pentoxide or vanadium, iron and other raw materials. Vanadate pigments not only color and decoration, with increased strength, corrosion-resistant coating, light, weather and other special properties, such as temperature indicating paint to indicate that the surface temperature.

The development and application of vanadium bismuth yellow pigment in foreign countries is quite active, attract people's attention. Using Ammonium Vanadate pigment in black leather and ink dye, durable and non corrosive nib. In order to YVO4 europium activated for imaging, color TV tube.

Vanadate also has some applications in glass and ceramic industrial, such as:

Vanadate can be made of a variety of colored glass, with semiconductor properties of glass, utraviolet radiation absorbing glass, porcelain like coating color enamel and so on. Vanadate also developed for photosensitive agent and colorant, in photography and film industry.

What is Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin?

Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin products is white solid, the appearance can be divided into three kinds: flocculent, granular and powder. PVA Resin is non-toxic, tasteless, non-polluting, and can be dissolve in water at the temperature of 80 to 90 ℃. The aqueous solution of Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin has good adhesion and film forming properties, it has resistant to oil, lubricants and most organic solvents such as hydrocarbons. Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA has the properties of long-chain polyol esters, ethers, acetals and other chemical properties.

At the same time of preparation of aqueous solutions, this product is not bubbling, but in high concentration, speed faster and also produce small amounts of foam in order to contain the bubble, we should add defoamer: 0.01-0.05% (PVA as a benchmark) octanol, phosphoric acid tributyl ester or 0.2-0.5% (PVA as a benchmark) silicone emulsion.

Anti-corrosion: If the Polyvinyl AlcoholResin has been long-term storage, the water in aqueous solution will have a corruption, but it does not affect the performance of this product. At this point, we should add 0.01-0.05% (PVA as a benchmark) of formaldehyde, salicylic acid or other preservatives.

Rust prevention: Storage in tools, you should add traces of weak bases, should be added when meat is used 0.02-0.05% (PVA as a benchmark) of sodium nitrite, the best use of stainless steel, plastic containers.

And the Polyvinyl Alcohol Resin should be stored in ventilated, cool and dry place, away from sources of ignition. And should handle with care during transport, and prevent damage to the packaging.

Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (PVAC) is mainly based on vinyl acetate monomer, polymer, commonly known as the white LaTeX. The latex-free environment, the price is cheap, easy to use, are porous materials such as wood, paper, fiber adhesive ideal for. It is widely used in printing, bonding, wood construction, leather, tobacco processing, paper processing, fiber composite, aluminum foil paper, Emery cloth, sand paper adhesive industry, can also be used for insulating plates for interior wall paint, steel processing and so on.

The Characteristics of PVC Resin.

PVC Resin is one of the most important organic synthetic materials. The full name of it is Polyvinyl Chloride Resin. This product has good physical properties and chemical properties, and is widely used in industrial, construction, agriculture, daily life, package, electric power and public utilities and many other fields.

The physical appearance of PVC Resin is white powder, non-toxic and odorless. The relative density of it is 1.35 to 1.46, the refractive index of it is 1.544 (20 ℃). PVC Resin is insoluble in water, gasoline, alcohol and vinyl chloride, but it can be soluble in acetone, ethylene dichloride, xylene solvent and so on. PVC Resin has high chemical stability and good plasticity.

Except for a few organic solvent, it can resistant to any concentration of hydrochloric acid, concentration below 90 % of nitric acid, concentration about 50 % to 60 % of sulfuric acid and concentration below 20 % caustic soda at the room temperature. In addition to these, it is fairly stable for the salt. PVC and burns on the flame and release HCl, but leave the flame self-extinguishing, is a kind of self-extinguishing and fire products. PVC start to break down and slowly release HCl when the temperature is above 100 ℃. As the temperature rises, the speed of decomposition and release HCl rising, the PVC color start to change.

PVC is made by free radical polymerization of vinyl chloride synthesis. By suspension polymerization and emulsion polymerization method and polymerization method, dominated by suspension polymerization, accounted for about 80% of PVC production. PVC production in the industry based on vinyl chloride monomer acquisition method to distinguish, can be divided into calcium carbide method, ethylene method, imports (EDC and VCM) simplex method.

According to the different methods of production, PVC pure powder can be divided into general purpose PVC Resin, high degree of polymerization PVC Resin, crosslinked PVC Resin. General purpose PVC Resin is made of vinyl chloride monomer in the initiator role of aggregation formation. High degree of polymerization of PVC Resin is in the vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system include chain growth agent in polymer made of resin. Crosslinked PVC Resin is added in the vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system containing diene and polyene resins, crosslinking agent aggregation. 

What is copper corrosion inhibitor?

Copper corrosion inhibitor can be adsorbed to form a thin film on the surface of metal, copper and other metals from corrosion protection of the atmosphere and harmful medium. Copper corrosioninhibitor BTA in circulating cooling water system with a variety of scale inhibitor, biocide used in conjunction, circulating cooling water system of good corrosion inhibition. It also can be used as anti tarnish agent, coolant, lubricant additive copper silver.

Generally, there are two kinds of copper corrosion inhibitors: one is Benzotriazole (BTA), the other is Tolyltriazole(TTA).

In China, there are four shape of Benzotriazole: granular, flake, needle and powdery. And in foreign, most are particles and flakes. United States production Benzotriazole is mostly granular. However, granular, hard to dissolve, triazole-need p-parallel domestic manufacturers often need to use solvent after the dissolution of placed inside the product. In recent years, more and more manufacturers use Germany producing Benzotriazole, Germany p-triazole-parallel export in accordance with EU REACH and needles, water and oil soluble. Either directly can also be dissolved in the solvent dissolve in water, and very easy to use. Benzotriazole can be used as rust preventive oil (grease) products, copper and its alloys, silver and copper alloy corrosion effect is particularly evident, usually used in vapor corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, circulating water treatment chemicals, automobile antifreeze, photographic antifogging agent, macromolecule stabilizer, plant growth regulator, lubricating oil additives. And Benzotriazole can also be used as chrome fog contain agents for chromium plating industry, prevent chrome fog and damage. It can increase the brightness of coated parts.

The abbreviation of Tolyltriazole is TTA. The chemical formula of it is C7H7N3. And the molecular weight of it is 133.15. It is of white granular or powder, can be processed into a large form, small particles,-like, fine particle-like, powder.

Tolyltriazole is mainly used for metals (such as silver, copper, lead, nickel, zinc, etc) and inhibition agent of antirust, widely used in antirust oil (grease) product, usually used in vapor corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys, lubricant additive, water treatment agents, automobile antifreeze. This product is also available with a variety of scale inhibitor, algicide sterilization is used especially for closed-loop cooling system corrosion inhibitor effectiveness well.

Oxygen supply system of Vanadium extraction technology of BOF blowing

Oxygen consumption:

Refers to the 1t oxygen blowing into molten iron containing vanadium for semi steel oxygen consumption, the unit is m3/t. According to the general basis: hot metal composition, different blowing mode supply intensity and stirring. Converter re-vanadium oxygen consumption of per ton iron is within 14 to 18m3, 16000 to 18000m3/h.

The intensity of oxygen supply:

The intensity of oxygen supply of oxygen consumption per ton of metal refers, in unit time unit is m3/ (t.min).

The oxidation reaction of v-extraction process affects the intensity of oxygen supply intensity, big splash seriously, over an hour slow reaction, converting time is long, will cause the temperature of the molten pool increase, over temperature, leading to decarburization reaction dramatically accelerated, semi steel residue from the new increasing vanadium content.

General in the early oxygen can improve oxygen supply intensity, decreased at the later stage.

Oxygen pressure and the gun position

Oxygen pressure: under the same oxygen supply conditions, oxygen pressure can strengthen the bath stirring strengthen dynamics conditions for vanadium and other elements of the oxidation rate. Oxygen pressure control is more suitable in the range of 0.7 to 0.8MPa.

Gun: gun position refers to the oxygen lance nozzle end from the pool surface height. Such as vanadium Russia Nizhny tagil 160t oxygen top blown converter, blowing lance height control in early 2.0m to late lance position is reduced to 1m. When the silicon content in molten iron is higher, the gun position remained lower limit.

In general, the primary product of vanadium is a by-product in with other metals and oil extraction or use to produce (V2O3or V2O5). In iron ore by smelting vanadium is dissolved into molten iron, molten iron by oxidation, slag (10% to 25% V2O5), and then through the processing production of calcination / leaching process for vanadate or vanadium oxide of the final product. In the roasting / reached 1.8% on the V2O5 content in leaching process of mineral processing production of vanadate or vanadium oxide directly. Power plant fly ash recycling, waste catalyst and other residue contain vanadium. The process is the roasting / leaching process generates vanadate or vanadium oxide.

Cold isostatic pressing forming regularity of Molybdenum powder

Powder metallurgy method is the preparation of conventional coagulation conditions is difficult to obtain the structure of the materials, functional materials and composite materials. Compared with the melting method, powder metallurgy method can guarantee the stability of alloy has a uniform organization and performance. It can reduce the work even without cutting.

Usually can use smelting production of products, also can use the method of powder metallurgy production. Although the artificial environment of high temperature enough to make any high melting point metal (W and Mo) melt, but from point of view, the cost of production and efficiency are difficult to replace powder metallurgy technology.

At present, the mainstream of pure Molybdenumand Molybdenum alloy products forming method for powder metallurgy. Mo powder metallurgy process including basic pulverizing, forming and sintering process. Each working procedure for the final Mo has direct influence to the sintering products and its subsequent processing. In powder source is selected, forming and sintering will be decided and the key factor affecting the quality of sintered products.

In the aspect of forming, the main influence factors are pressing pressure, forming agent, one forming or more forming and injection molding, forming soft mode, different forming methods such as steel. So far, the Mo powder compacting process also study is less.

In the production of powder metallurgy, compact density of sintering exhaust, complicated and will have a direct effect on the densification process. According to different Mo powder, ideal compact density is obtained by controlling the size of the suppression of pressure. With the increase of pressing pressure, compact density also increases accordingly, but Mo powder in cold isostatic pressing down the mathematical relationship between the thrust pressure and density of the billet is not clear. This gives Mo powder compacting pressure in the process of enterprise production bring certain difficulty choices. 

A brief overview of Formic Acid

Formic Acid, is also called Methanoic Acid. Formic Acid is contained in the ant and bees secretions, people made distillation ants and obtained Formic Acid, reason has this name. Formic Acid is colorless and stimulating odor and corrosive, foaming swelling after exposure of human skin. The melting point of it is 8.4 ℃, and the boiling point of it is 100.8 ℃. Due to the special structure of Formic Acid, one of its atoms of hydrogen and carboxyl group is directly connected. It can also be seen as a hydroxyl formaldehyde. Therefore, Formic Acid is with acid and aldehyde properties at the same time. In the chemical industry, Formic Acid is used in rubber, pharmaceuticals, dyes, leather type industry.

The properties of Formic Acid:

Formic Acid and water and in the majority of polar organic solvents miscible, also have certain solubility in hydrocarbons. In hydrocarbon and gaseous, Formic Acid is by the dimers form of hydrogen bonding. In the gaseous, hydrogen bonding leads to large deviation between the acid gas and ideal gas equation of state. Liquid and solid acid is by continuous Formic Acid molecules by hydrogen bonding. Formic Acid has the same nature with most other carboxylic acids, although typically do not generate chloride or acid anhydride. Until recently, all attempts to Formic Acid into the derivatives of attempt to product carbon monoxide. Phthalic anhydride can be obtained by formyl fluoride and Sodium Formate at minus 78 ℃. Benzoyl chloride can be made of hydrogen chloride gas through minus 60 ℃ 1-formyl imidazole. Dehydration of Formic Acid decomposition to carbon monoxide and water. Formic Acid is of a similar reducibility and aldehyde.

Solubility of Formic Acid:

Miscible with water, not soluble in hydrocarbons, miscible with alcohol. HCOOH also known as Formic Acid, is a colorless, flammable smoke, pungent odor of the liquid, has a strong corrosive, Formic Acid and water, ethanol, ethyl ether, glycerol and other miscible volatile liquids with strong corrosion and spicy spicy sour. 

The factors affecting the corrosion inhibition

1. The effect of the concentration:

1). The corrosion inhibition efficiency increases with the increased concentration of corrosion inhibitor.

2). The relationship between the inhibition efficiency and the concentration of the extremum.

3). The amount of corrosion inhibitor was inadequate, not only can not afford to the inhibitor but also will accelerate corrosion.

Such as: when the amount of the oxide inhibitor adding less, accelerated corrosion, localized corrosion occurs.

2. The effect of the temperature:

1). In the lower temperature range, the corrosion effect is good, at higher temperature, a significant reduction in the efficiency of the corrosion. The temperature is high, the adsorption decreased, increasing the surface area of the medium and the effect of the metal and increase the corrosion rate of metal. And when the temperature is high, the accelerated diffusion media, the electrolyte solution resistance decreases, increasing the rate of metal corrosion.

2). In a certain temperature range has little effect on the corrosion inhibitor efficiency.

3). Withing the increasing of the temperature, the inhibition efficiency is increased. Temperature is conducive to the formation of a protective film.

3. The effect of the flow velocity

1). The flow velocity increases, the inhibition efficiency decreases even promote corrosion.

2). The flow velocity increases, it is easy for corrosion inhibitor spread, the inhibition efficiency increased.

3). The concentration of corrosion inhibitor is not the same, the effects of flow rate is different.

4). In some cased, the motion of the medium, which increased the efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor.

4. The effect of the metal materials:

The same kind of corrosion inhibitor had different effects on different metal materials, metal materials should be selected in different corrosion inhibitor of different.

5. The effect of the metal surface cleanliness and roughness:

1). The smooth surface to the concentration of inhibitor is smaller than the rough surface, the protective effect is better than on the rough surface.

2). Pollution and corrosion products not only consume corrosion inhibitor, but also hinder the corrosion inhibitor and metal surface contact, damage of corrosion inhibitors.

The Polyvinyl Alcohol and Vinyl Acetate

Polyvinyl alcohol is a kind of can't directly through the polymerization of the monomers and polymers, because vinyl alcohol monomer is not exist alone, it is very unstable, under normal circumstances will spontaneously by intermolecular rearrangement into acetaldehyde, so can not use vinyl monomer polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol. The general method of polyvinyl alcohol preparation: first with vinyl acetate monomer by polymerization of poly vinyl acetate, and then poly vinyl acetate alcoholysis and hydrolysis of polyvinyl alcohol.

Vinyl acetate monomer for preparing poly vinyl acetate is solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization of four methods.

Bulk polymerization has the advantages of high purity, production fast, short process flow, simple process, but because no heat medium, along with the reaction, the viscosity of the system increases, the reaction heat to evaporate, easy to generate local overheating, the product color, even the implosion phenomenon, it is often used in a small amount of polymer laboratory studies of preparation, dynamical study. Solution polymerization method in the presence of solvents, chain transfer reaction is easy to happen, the low degree of polymerization, but its degree of polymerization and the molecular weight distribution is narrow, the products of good quality, and easy to heat dissipation, the industry generally by solution polymerization. Suspension polymerization is usually with water as medium, easy heat dissipation and temperature control, the degree of polymerization and the molecular weight is higher, but because of a small amount of residual suspension products, post treatment is complex, the cost of production. Emulsion polymerization with water as the dispersion medium, to facilitate heat dissipation and temperature control, and the polymerization rate, molecular quantity obtained high, but because the polymerized emulsion by condensation, washing, dehydration, drying after processing, the production cost is suspended high.

Vinyl acetate polymerization reaction is exothermic reaction (89.2KJ/mol), remove the reaction heat and the reaction was carried out with difficulty;, viscosity of polymerization system increases quickly, the stirring is difficult, hot issues shift intensified reaction, prone to implosion phenomena. This research used easy heat dissipation and temperature control solution to prepare poly vinyl acetate resin polymerization, solvent is methanol (reaction temperature and the boiling point close to), initiator azo isobutyronitrile (two, reaction temperature on the decomposition temperature range).

The impinging stream reaction precipitation and low temperature solid state reaction method of the preparation of nano Strontium Carbonate

The main purpose is the production of Strontium Carbonate color display glass, glass absorbs the preparation of Strontium Carbonate by X - ray, and to improve the refractive index of glass, so a large number of nano Strontium Carbonate powder used for color TV picture tube glass screen glass, computer screens, such as manufacturing, reduce X - ray radiation on the human body. Here are two methods for the preparation of nano Strontium Carbonate as following:

1. Impinging stream reaction precipitation method:

In the submerged circulative impinging stream reactor, using strontium nitrate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate as raw material, by the reaction, legal HISTEP pure nano Strontium Carbonate product precipitation.

The experimental study on the effect of concentration, temperature, feed rate, reaction time and other factors on the yield of the product, nano Strontium Carbonate prepared products were characterized by XRD, crystallization effect is good, high purity, was characterized by TEM, the morphology is spherical or nearly spherical, the average particle size in 25nm.

The method is simple, narrow particle size distribution, can be recycled materials and is easy for industrialized production.

2. Low temperature solid state reaction method:

In the condition of the whole reaction thermodynamics feasible, molecules involved in the solid state reaction can carry out long distance movement and the reactant sufficiently contact and react, molecular production, when the crystal nucleus appeared product molecules accumulated to a certain amount, the nucleation and growth to a certain size is independent crystal phase.

Scientists has based on low temperature solid state chemical reaction technology, with six water strontium chloride and sodium carbonate as raw material is mixed and ground under the action of a catalyst, the solid state reaction synthesis of nano Strontium Carbonate powder, the grinding time, temperature, precipitation and the effect of surfactant on the reaction. XRD and TEM characterization of product, that product is pure Strontium Carbonate, its size is 50-80nlTl, and the intensity distribution.

The method has the advantages of simple process, high conversion rate of uniform particle size, programmable, easy realization of industrial production, mainly reflects the process without the use of solvents, consistent with the concept of green chemistry.

The advantages and disadvantages of Natural Pigment

Natural food colorant (pigment) is a kind of edible pigment obtained by the natural resources. Mainly from animal and plant tissues and microorganisms to extract pigment, and the colorants is in the majority of plant. Natural Pigment has not only to the role of food coloring, but also is a considerable part of Natural Pigment has the physiological activity.

The advantages of Natural Pigments:

1. Most Natural Pigments are from animal and plant tissue, therefore, generally on the high security to people.

2. Some Natural Pigment itself is a kind of nutrients, has nutrition effects, some also have a certain pharmacological effects.

3. It can be better able to mimic the natural color, the color tonal is more natural.

The limitations of Natural Pigment in application:

1. The solubility of it is small, it is not easy to color uniformity.

2. The pigment concentration is generally small, dyed the gender is poo, some natural edible pigment and food raw materials produce chemical reaction and discoloration.

3. The fastness of it is poor, and greatly affected by PH, oxidation, light, temperature and so on.

4. Because it has been extracted from natural plants, sometimes affected by its coexisting ingredients or have their own peculiar smell.

5. It is difficult for Natural Pigment to color. Different colorant compatibility is poor, it is difficult to deploy a arbitrary hue.

6. It is susceptible to metal ions and water quality impact. Edible Natural Pigment is easy to occur in metal ion catalyzed decomposition, discoloration or formation of insolubles salts.

7. The composition of it is complicated, improper use of it is easy to produce precipitation, opacity, and the pure product cost is high.

8. The products are quite different, Natural Pigments are basically is a mixture of several components, but the same colorant due to different sources, different processing methods, and the ingredients are also different.

9. The properties of Natural Pigment are less stable than the synthetic pigment, when we use it, we need to add protective agents, and this have some adverse effects on the use of pigment.

10. In most cases, the cost of Natural Pigment is much higher than the cost of synthetic pigment.